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%                                                                           %
% File:            japan_v.dtr                                              %
% Purpose:         Japanese verb inflection                                 %
% Author:          Liz Jenkins, 31 May 1989                                 %
% Documentation:   Cognitive Science Research Paper CSRP 139, Univ. Sussex  %
% Version:         1.02                                                     %
%                                                                           %
%     Copyright (c) University of Sussex 1989.  All rights reserved.        %
%                                                                           %
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% Jenkins, Elizabeth, "Japanese verbs in DATR," in The DATR Papers,
%   ed. Roger Evans & Gerald Gazdar, Cognitive Science Research Paper
%   CSRP 139, pp. 73-78, University of Sussex, Brighton, 1990.
%
%   This short paper presents a DATR analysis of the morphology
%   of the Japanese verbal system which covers the inflection of
%   the 11 regular verb types and the 3 irregular verbs.

V_RU:   <pres tense> == "<stem>" "<pres>"               % 'RU' type verbs
        <past tense> == "<stem>" "<past>"
        <pres plain> == ru
        <past plain> == "<in_fix>" a
        <pres polite> == masu
        <past polite> == masita
        <conjunctive> == "<stem polite>"
        <conditional> == "<past tense plain>" ra
        <te_form> == "<root>" "<in_fix>" e
        <stem> == "<root>"
        <in_fix> == t.

V_U:    <> == V_RU                                      % 'U' type verbs
        <pres plain> == "<cons>" u
        <stem polite> == "<root>" "<cons>" i
        <in_fix> == tt.

V_U_nd_:<> == V_U
        <in_fix> == nd.

V_mu:   <> == V_U_nd_
        <cons> == m.

V_nu:   <> == V_U_nd_
        <cons> == n.

V_bu:   <> == V_U_nd_
        <cons> == b.

V_ku:   <> == V_U
        <cons> == k
        <in_fix> == it.

V_gu:   <> == V_U
        <cons> == g
        <in_fix> == id.

V_su:   <> == V_U
        <cons> == s
        <in_fix> == sit.

V_tu:   <> == V_U
        <cons> == t.

V_ru:   <> == V_U
        <cons> == r.

V__u:   <> == V_U
        <cons> == ''.

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

Taberu: <> == V_RU                          % to eat
        <root> == tabe.

Miru:   <> == V_RU                          % to see
        <root> == mi.

Yomu:   <> == V_mu                          % to read
        <root> == yo.

Sinu:   <> == V_nu                          % to die
        <root> == si.

Yobu:   <> == V_bu                          % to call
        <root> == yo.

Kaku:   <> == V_ku                          % to write
        <root> == ka.

Hataraku:<> == V_ku                         % to work
        <root> == hatara.

Oyogu:  <> == V_gu                          % to swim
        <root> == oyo.

Osu:    <> == V_su                          % to push
        <root> == o.

Matu:   <> == V_tu                          % to wait
        <root> == ma.

Noru:   <> == V_ru                          % to get on
        <root> == no.

Kau:    <> == V__u                          % to buy
        <root> == ka.

% (Official) irregular verbs

Suru:   <> == V_RU                          % to do
        <root> == si
        <pres tense plain> == suru.

Kuru:   <> == V_RU                          % to come
        <root> == ki
        <pres tense plain> == kuru.

% 'Exception to the general rule'

Iku:    <> == V_ku                          % to go
        <root> == i
        <in_fix> == V_U.

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% Some example theorems:

% Sinu:
%       <pres tense plain> = si n u
%       <pres tense polite> = si n i masu
%       <past tense plain> = si nd a
%       <past tense polite> = si n i masita
%       <conjunctive> = si n i
%       <conditional> = si nd a ra
%       <te_form> = si nd e.
%
% Kuru:
%       <pres tense plain> = kuru
%       <pres tense polite> = ki masu
%       <past tense plain> = ki t a
%       <past tense polite> = ki masita
%       <conjunctive> = ki
%       <conditional> = ki t a ra
%       <te_form> = ki t e.
%
% Iku:
%       <pres tense plain> = i k u
%       <pres tense polite> = i k i masu
%       <past tense plain> = i tt a
%       <past tense polite> = i k i masita
%       <conjunctive> = i k i
%       <conditional> = i tt a ra
%       <te_form> = i tt e.

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

# hide V_RU  V_U V_U_nd_ V_mu V_nu V_bu V_ku V_gu V_su V_tu V_ru V__u.

# show <pres tense plain>
       <pres tense polite>
       <past tense plain>
       <past tense polite>
       <conjunctive>
       <conditional>
       <te_form>.

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