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%                                                                           %
% File:            italiana.dtr                                             %
% Purpose:         Italian adjective morphology                             %
% Author:          Graham Russell, 28 August 1990                           %
% Version:         1.01                                                     %
%      Copyright (c) ISSCO, Geneva 1990.  All rights reserved.              %
%                                                                           %
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% NOTE: THE TREATMENT OF THE COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE GIVEN IN THIS FILE
% DOES NOT APPEAR TO WORK -- AT LEAST, NOT IN QPATR v1.4.2.  MY GUESS IS THAT
% THE TREATMENT DID WORK IN THE SICSTUS IMPLEMENTATION THAT GR WAS USING,
% BUT THAT IT NEEDS TINKERING WITH TO GET IT TO WORK IN OTHER DATR SYSTEMS.
%                                                     Gerald Gazdar, 31-8-93

%   Italian facts from Lucia Tovena, ISSCO
%
%   Three inflection classes for adjectives, plus one "invariant":
%        G   N              1   2   3
%        mas sng            o   e   a
%        fem sng            a   e   a
%        mas plu            i   i   i
%        fem plu            e   i   e
%   The oaie class is most numerous and productive, so it's taken to
%   be the default here.
%
%   Superlative forms are formed by suffixation, normally with "-issim-", 
%   which itself inflects as a member of the oaie class.
%
%   Two spelling effects:
%        Stems ending in "c" or "g" add "h" before suffix "i" or "e"
%        Stem-final "i" is omitted before a suffix beginning with "i"
%   There are exceptions to both of these generalizations.
%
%   Relevant distinctions are:    1  positive/comparative/superlative
%                                 2  singular/plural
%                                 3  masculine/feminine
%   expressed in paths as <1 2 3>.

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% Declare some variables:

# vars $gen: masc fem.
# vars $num: sing plu.

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% Non-lexical nodes

% ADJ uses information stated in lexical nodes (values of <class>, 
% <h_spelling>, and <i_spelling>) to inherit from the correct supernode.

ADJ:        <cat> == adj
            <class> == oaie
            <> == <"<class>">
            <oaie> == OAIE:<>
            <eeii> == EEII:<>
            <aaie> == AAIE:<>
            <invariant> == INVAR:<>
            <h_spelling> == none
            <i_spelling> == none
            <istem> == ISPELL:<"<i_spelling>">
            <sup_suff> == issim
            <sup_stem> == SUP:<"<h_spelling>">

% A9 in "An Introduction to DATR" suggests this should work if UNDEFINED is 
% left undefined, but for our implementation (Sussex prolog version 2.01)
% SICStus just says "Warning: The predicate 'UNDEFINED'/4 is undefined":

            <comp> == UNDEFINED.

% so we introduce a node that has the effect of inserting a segment at the
% start of each unwanted path - then just omit these paths from the "#show" 
% declaration:

UNDEFINED:  <hide_this_path> == "<>".

%   The form of a superlative stem appears to be predictable from that of
%   the positive plural masculine - "h" is added for just those stems whose
%   value for <h_spelling> is "full".

SUP:        <> == "<stem>" "<sup_suff>"
            <full> == "<stem>" h "<sup_suff>"
            <sup $num $gen> == "<sup_stem>" "<suffix $num $gen>".

OAIE:       <suffix plu masc> == i
            <suffix plu fem> == e
            <suffix sing masc> == o
            <suffix sing fem> == a
            <pos sing $gen> == "<istem>" "<suffix sing $gen>"
            <pos plu> == PLU:<plu>
            <sup> == SUP:<sup>.

%   AAIE & EEII are both based on OAIE - but <suffix> values need to be
%   left as they are for the superlative forms

AAIE:       <> == OAIE
            <pos sing> == "<stem>" a.

EEII:       <> == OAIE
            <pos plu> == "<istem>" i
            <pos sing> == "<stem>" e.

%   Invariant adjs have a single form for pos sing/plu masc/fem, and no 
%   superlatives

INVAR:      <pos> == "<stem>"
            <sup> == UNDEFINED.

%   Add the "insert" defined in HSPELL between the appropriate stem & suffix

PLU:        <insert $gen> == HSPELL:<"<h_spelling>" $gen>
            <plu masc> == "<stem>" <insert masc> "<suffix plu masc>"
            <plu fem> == "<istem>" <insert fem> "<suffix plu fem>".

%   This isn't strictly necessary, if we're prepared to have strange stems
%   like "grig" - I've included it partly because there's a generalization 
%   concerning the behaviour of i-final stems, according to whether the i is 
%   stressed, and partly because this is the sort of thing that seems to be
%   needed if one maintains realistic stems (e.g. "grigi") and adopts forms 
%   like ('DELETE_FINAL' grigi)

ISPELL:     <none> == "<stem>"
            <stressed> == "<stem>"
            <unstressed> == "<stem>" i.

HSPELL:     <> == ''
            <full> == h
            <mixed fem> == h.

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% Lexical nodes

% buono buona buoni buone; buonissimo &c.
% regular and suppletive (ottimo, etc.) superlatives

Buono:      <> == ADJ
            <stem> == buon
            <sem> == buono
            <trans> == good.

% migliore migliore migliori migliori

Migliore:   <> == Buono
            <pos> == UNDEFINED
            <sup> == UNDEFINED
            <comp> == EEII:<pos>
            <stem> == miglior
            <trans> == better.

% ottimo ottima ottimi ottime

Ottimo:     <> == Buono
            <sup_stem> == ottim
            <pos> == UNDEFINED
            <trans> == best.

% acre acre acri acri; acerrimo &c.

Acre:       <> == ADJ
            <stem> == acr
            <class> == eeii
            <sup_stem> == acerrim
            <sem> == acre
            <trans> == acrid.

% invariant - no superlative?

Viola:      <> == ADJ
            <class> == invariant
            <stem> == viola
            <sem> == viola
            <trans> == violet.

% benefico benefica benefici benefiche; beneficentissimo &c.

Benefico:   <> == ADJ
            <stem> == benefic
            <sup_suff> == entissim
            <h_spelling> == mixed
            <sem> == benefico
            <trans> == beneficial.

% vecchio vecchia vecchi vecchie; vecchissimo &c.

Vecchio:    <> == ADJ
            <stem> == vecch
            <i_spelling> == unstressed
            <sem> == vecchio
            <trans> == old.

% egoista egoista egoisti egoiste; egoistissimo &c.

Egoista:    <> == ADJ
            <class> == aaie
            <stem> == egoist
            <sem> == egoista
            <trans> == selfish.

% magico magica magici magiche; magicissimo &c.

Magico:     <> == ADJ
            <stem> == magic
            <h_spelling> == mixed
            <sem> == magico
            <trans> == magic.

% verde verde verdi verdi; verdissimo &c.

Verde:      <> == ADJ
            <class> == eeii
            <stem> == verd
            <sem> == verde
            <trans> == green.

% invariant

Pari:       <> == ADJ
            <class> == invariant
            <stem> == pari
            <sem> == pari
            <trans> == equal.

% no adjustments when a stem-final "i" is stressed:
% pio pia pii pie; piissimo &c.

Pio:        <> == ADJ
            <stem> == pi
            <i_spelling> == stressed
            <sem> == pio
            <trans> == pious.

% lungo lunga lunghi lunghe; lunghissimo &c.

Lungo:      <> == ADJ
            <stem> == lung
            <h_spelling> == full
            <sem> == lungo
            <trans> == long.

% bianco bianca bianchi bianche; bianchissimo &c.

Bianco:     <> == ADJ
            <h_spelling> == full
            <stem> == bianc
            <sem> == bianco
            <trans> == white.

% alternate feminine plurals in some varieties
% grigio grigia grigi grige/grigie; grigissimo &c.

Grigio:     <> == ADJ
            <stem> == grig
            <i_spelling> == unstressed
            <pos plu fem> == 'OR' grige grigie
            <sem> == grigio
            <trans> == grey.

% irregular feminine plural
% selvaggio selvaggia selvaggi selvagge; selvaggissimo &c

Selvaggio:  <> == ADJ
            <i_spelling> == unstressed
            <stem> == selvagg
            <pos plu fem> == selvagge
            <sem> == selvaggio
            <trans> == savage.

% belga belga belgi belghe; belgissimo &c.

Belga:      <> == ADJ
            <class> == aaie
            <h_spelling> == mixed
            <stem> == belg
            <sem> == belga
            <trans> == 'Belgian'.

% irregular superlative form
% malevolo malevola malevoli malevole; malevolentissimo &c.

Malevolo:   <> == ADJ
            <stem> == malevol
            <sup_suff> == entissim
            <sem> == malevolo
            <trans> == malevolent.

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

# show      <cat> <trans> <sem>
            <pos sing masc> <pos sing fem> <pos plu masc> <pos plu fem>
%           <comp sing masc> <comp sing fem> <comp plu masc> <comp plu fem>.
%           <sup sing masc> <sup sing fem> <sup plu masc> <sup plu fem>.

% Of course, we don't show the path <hide_this_path>

#hide       ADJ UNDEFINED SUP OAIE AAIE EEII INVAR PLU ISPELL HSPELL .

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% The next line is the Revision Control System Id: do not delete it.
% $Id: archive.dtr,v 1.1 1997/04/09 20:40:33 root Exp $