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%                                                                           %
% File:            english.dtr                                              %
% Purpose:         English verbal morphology & subcategorization            %
% Author:          Gerald Gazdar, 7 August 1989                             %
% Email:           geraldg@cogs.sussex.ac.uk                                %
% Address:         COGS, Sussex University, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK            %
% Version:         2.01                                                     %
%      Copyright (c) University of Sussex 1989.  All rights reserved.       %
%                                                                           %
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% The following DATR theory embodies a lexical account of passive, clitic
% negation, and subject-auxiliary "inversion".  It includes representative
% main verbs and all the English auxiliaries.  The theory employs what are
% in effect, CASE statements built on the SYN and MOR nodes and uses the
% value of "<syn form>" as the selection trigger.  This technique makes
% crucial use of DATR's evaluable paths and would be impossible without them.
% Note,in particular, how the lexical character of the analysis makes it
% possible to deal directly with the exceptional form "won't" and the first
% person use of "aren't" in the verb initial construction.

% THERE SEEMS TO BE A BUG IN THE HANDLING OF inf FOR VERBS OTHER THAN To1:
% THE inf ATTRIBUTE SHOULD BE UNDEFINED FOR ALL OTHER VERBS.

# vars $syn_form: fin inf bse prp psp.

SYN:    <subcat> == <"<syn form>">
        <$syn_form> == "<syn args>"
        <pas> == "<syn args cdr>"
        <neg_inv> == <inv>
        <inv cdr> == "<syn args>"
        <inv car syn cat> == 'NP'
        <inv car syn form> == nominative.

MOR:    <form> == <"<syn form>">
        <> == "<mor past participle>"
        <fin> == "<mor "<syn tense>" tense
                   "<syn number>" "<syn person>">"
        <neg> == "<mor "<syn type>" neg "<syn tense>"
                   tense "<syn number>" "<syn person>">"
        <inv> == "<mor "<syn type>" inv "<syn tense>"
                  tense "<syn number>" "<syn person>">"
        <neg_inv> == "<mor "<syn type>" neg inv "<syn tense>"
                       tense "<syn number>" "<syn person>">"
        % A generalization gets missed in the four preceding statements:
        % further work needed.
        <inf> == to
        <bse> == "<mor root>"
        <prp> == "<mor pres participle>".

VERB:   <syn cat> == 'V'
        <syn type> == main
        <syn polarity> == no
        <syn subcat> == SYN:<subcat>
        <mor aux> == AUX:<mor>
        <mor inv> == "<mor>"
        <mor form> == MOR:<form>
        <mor past> == "<mor root>" ed
        <mor past tense sing> == "<mor past tense plur>"
        <mor pres tense plur> == "<mor root>"
        <mor pres participle> == "<mor root>" ing
        <mor pres tense sing> == "<mor pres tense plur>"
        <mor pres tense sing three> == "<mor root>" s.

AUX:    <> == VERB
        <mor neg> == "<mor>" nt
        <syn type> == aux
        <syn args> == VPCOMP.

MODAL1: <> == AUX
        <syn form> == fin.

MODAL2: <> == MODAL1
        <syn args car syn form> == bse
        <mor pres tense sing three> == "<mor root>".

COMP:   <syn args> == <undefined>.

NPCOMP: <> == COMP
        <syn args car syn cat> == 'NP'
        <syn args car syn form> == accusative.

VPCOMP: <> == COMP
        <syn args car syn cat> == 'VP'
        <syn args car syn form> == inf.

EN_MOR: <mor> == VERB
        <mor past participle> == "<mor root>" en.

BE_MOR: <mor> == EN_MOR
        <mor root> == be
        <mor past tense sing one> == <mor past tense sing three>
        <mor past tense sing three> == was
        <mor past tense plur> == were
        <mor pres tense sing one> == am
        <mor pres tense sing three> == is
        <mor pres tense plur> == are
        <mor aux neg inv pres tense sing one> == <mor pres tense plur one> nt.

DO_MOR: <mor> == VERB
        <mor root> == do
        <mor past participle> == done
        <mor past tense> == did
        <mor pres tense sing three> == does.

GET_MOR:<mor> == VERB
        <mor root> == get
        <mor past> == got.

HAV_MOR:<mor> == VERB
        <mor past> == had
        <mor pres tense sing three> == has
        <mor root> == have.

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

Be1:    <> == AUX
        <mor> == BE_MOR
        <syn args> == NPCOMP.

Be2:    <> == MODAL1
        <mor> == BE_MOR.

Be3:    <> == AUX
        <mor> == BE_MOR
        <syn args car syn form> == prp.

Be4:    <> == AUX
        <mor> == BE_MOR
        <syn args car syn form> == pas.

Can1:   <> == MODAL2
        <mor past> == could
        <mor root> == can.

Come1:  <> == VERB
        <mor root> == come
        <mor past> == came
        <mor past participle> == <mor root>.

Dare1:  <> == VERB
        <mor root> == dare
        <syn args> == VPCOMP.

Dare2:  <> == MODAL2
        <syn polarity> == yes
        <mor root> == dare.

Do1:    <> == MODAL2
        <mor> == DO_MOR
        <syn args car syn type> == main.

Do2:    <> == VERB
        <mor> == DO_MOR
        <syn args> == NPCOMP.

Drink1: <> == VERB
        <syn args> == NPCOMP
        <mor root> == drink
        <mor past> == drank   % in reality, this is a whole class
        <mor past participle> == drunk.

Get1:   <> == VERB
        <mor> == GET_MOR
        <syn args> == NPCOMP.

Get2:   <> == VERB
        <mor> == GET_MOR
        <syn args> == VPCOMP
        <syn args car syn form> == pas.

Go1:    <> == VERB
        <mor root> == go
        <mor past> == went
        <mor past participle> == gone.

Have1:  <> == AUX
        <mor> == HAV_MOR
        <syn args car syn form> == psp.

Have2:  <> == VERB
        <mor> == HAV_MOR
        <syn args> == NPCOMP.

Have3:  <> == AUX
        <mor> == HAV_MOR
        <syn args> == NPCOMP.

Have4:  <> == VERB
        <mor> == HAV_MOR
        <syn args> == VPCOMP.

Love1:  <> == VERB
        <mor root> == love
        <syn args> == NPCOMP.

Make1:  <> == VERB
        <mor root> == make
        <mor past> == made
        <syn args> == NPCOMP.

May1:   <> == MODAL2
        <mor past> == might
        <mor root> == may.

Need1:  <> == VERB
        <mor root> == need
        <syn args> == VPCOMP.

Need2:  <> == MODAL2
        <syn polarity> == yes
        <mor root> == need.

Ought1: <> == MODAL1
        <mor root> == ought
        <mor past> == <mor root>
        <mor pres tense sing three> == <mor root>.

Sew1:   <> == VERB
        <mor> == EN_MOR
        <mor root> == sew
        <syn args> == NPCOMP.

Take1:  <> == VERB
        <mor root> == take
        <mor past> == EN_MOR
        <mor past tense> == took.

To1:    <> == MODAL2
        <mor root> == to
        <syn form> == inf.

Want1:  <> == VERB
        <mor root> == want
        <syn args> == VPCOMP.

Will1:  <> == MODAL2
        <mor aux> == wont
        <mor past> == would
        <mor root> == will.

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

Word1:  <> == Love1
        <syn form> == pas.

% Some theorems:
%
% Word1:<syn cat> = V
%       <syn type> = main
%       <mor form> = love ed.

Word2:  <> == Have1
        <syn tense> == pres
        <syn number> == sing
        <syn person> == three
        <syn form> == fin.

% Some theorems:
%
% Word2:<syn cat> = V
%       <syn type> = aux
%       <syn subcat car syn cat> = VP
%       <syn subcat car syn form> = psp
%       <mor form> = has.

Word3:  <> == Have1
        <syn tense> == pres
        <syn number> == sing
        <syn person> == three
        <syn form> == inv.

% Some theorems:
%
% Word3:<syn cat> = V
%       <syn subcat car syn cat> = NP
%       <syn subcat car syn form> = nominative
%       <syn subcat cdr car syn cat> = VP
%       <syn subcat cdr car syn form> = psp
%       <mor form> = has.

Word4:  <> == Be3
        <syn tense> == pres
        <syn number> == sing
        <syn person> == three
        <syn form> == neg_inv.

% Some theorems:
%
% Word4:<syn cat> = V
%       <syn subcat car syn cat> = NP
%       <syn subcat car syn form> = nominative
%       <syn subcat cdr car syn cat> = VP
%       <syn subcat cdr car syn form> = prp
%       <mor form> = is nt.

Word5:  <> == Be3
        <syn tense> == pres
        <syn number> == sing
        <syn person> == one
        <syn form> == neg_inv.

% Some theorems:
%
% Word5:<syn cat> = V
%       <syn subcat car syn cat> = NP
%       <syn subcat car syn form> = nominative
%       <syn subcat cdr car syn cat> = VP
%       <syn subcat cdr car syn form> = prp
%       <mor form> = are nt.

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

# hide  SYN MOR VERB AUX MODAL1 MODAL2 COMP NPCOMP
        VPCOMP EN_MOR BE_MOR DO_MOR GET_MOR HAV_MOR.

% the declarations below need extending to include inversion and clitic
% negation forms.

# show  <syn cat>
        <syn type>
        <syn form>
        <syn tense>
        <syn number>
        <syn person>
        <syn polarity>
        <syn subcat car syn cat>
        <syn subcat car syn type>
        <syn subcat car syn form>
        <syn subcat cdr car syn cat>
        <syn subcat cdr car syn type>
        <syn subcat cdr car syn form>
        <mor form>
        <mor root>
        <mor pres participle>
        <mor pres tense sing one>
        <mor pres tense sing two>
        <mor pres tense sing three>
        <mor pres tense plur one>
        <mor pres tense plur two>
        <mor pres tense plur three>
        <mor past participle>
        <mor past tense sing one>
        <mor past tense sing two>
        <mor past tense sing three>
        <mor past tense plur one>
        <mor past tense plur two>
        <mor past tense plur three>.

% The next line is the Revision Control System Id: do not delete it.
% $Id: archive.dtr,v 1.1 1997/04/09 20:40:33 root Exp $